Mehrdad Farivar; Zahra Hooshmandi; Mahbubeh Setorki; Sabrieh Amini
Volume 22, Issue 12 , 2020
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in industrialized countries and a leading cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Elettaria cardamomum is a widely used nutraceuticalis, which is reported to have diverse functions, including positive effects on anxiety-like behavior properties.
Objective: ...
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Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in industrialized countries and a leading cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Elettaria cardamomum is a widely used nutraceuticalis, which is reported to have diverse functions, including positive effects on anxiety-like behavior properties.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and its major constituent (i.e., 1,8-cineole) on the brain injury induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.
Materials and Methods: Cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in Wistar rats by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid artery for 30 min. Subsequently, Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg i.p.) and its major constituent (1,8-cineole) (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) was injected to rats for 14 consecutive days. After the final treatment, blood samples were taken, and the brain tissues were separated and used for biochemical analysis by RT-PCR to detect the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
Results: Administration of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and 1,8-cineole significantly decreased the malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the blood and brain cortex of the rat. Additionally, Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and 1,8-cineole significantly suppressed the expression level of Caspase 3, IL-1?, TNF-?, and iNOS in the cerebral cortex.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that Elettaria cardamomum essential oil has specific neuroprotective effects that may be useful for the treatment of cerebral hypoperfusion. The pharmacological mechanism of Elettaria cardamomum partly involves the modulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
youness teymorivand; zahra hooshmandi; mahbubeh setorki; sabrieh amini
Volume 22, Issue 8 , 2020
Abstract
Background: Based on traditional beliefs, Biarum carduchrum (family Araceae) can strengthen the nervous system and prevent from sleep disorder and agitation.
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Biarum carduchrum leaves against pentylenetetrazol ...
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Background: Based on traditional beliefs, Biarum carduchrum (family Araceae) can strengthen the nervous system and prevent from sleep disorder and agitation.
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Biarum carduchrum leaves against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure in rats.
Methods: The present experimental research was conducted on 50 male Wistar rats in Iran during 2019. The animals were examined in five groups of control, PTZ, intervention (PTZ with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethyl acetate extract for 10 days), diazepam (PTZ, 200 mg/kg extract, and diazepam). The research groups were compared in terms of behaviors. Furthermore, total phenol and flavonoid levels in the extract were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: According to the results, the intervention and diazepam groups had a significantly lower number of the whole body, tonic, head, and upper organ seizures (P<0.05), and jumps (P<0.05), compared to the PTZ group. Both doses of the extract also significantly decreased immobility time in tail suspension and secondary latency time and significantly enhanced spatial memory in Morris water maze test (P<0.05). This treatment also significantly reduced the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the brain and serum (P<0.05) and showed antioxidant activity (IC50=200 ?g/ml). The extract contained 42.63±0.7494 and 85.16±6.499 µg/mg phenol and flavonoid, respectively. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of quercetin (30 ?g/g) in the extract.
Conclusions: Based on the results, Biarum carduchrum extract can be used for depression control and improvement of learning and memory impairments in seizure patients after complementary testing.
